Role and Functions of Law Essay Example for Free

Role and Functions of Law Essay The role of law functions in everyday business transactions and the surrounding societies. Melvin (2011) stated, â€Å"Law is a body of rules of action or conduct prescribed by controlling authority and having legal binding force† (p. 4). Role of law in a business and society are the same however can impact businesses differently. Kelly and Associates Insurance Group are compliant with many state and federal laws. Functions of Law Legal terms are often referred to as jargon or legalese. Law creates duties, obligations and rights that reflect accepted views of society. The U.S. Constitution includes the preamble, seven articles, and 27 amendments. The function of law is to establish a structure of federal government to settle disputes by establishing rules. Separating of powers to maintain the order and resolve disputes, and protecting the liberties and the rights of the people. Most of the U.S. laws are set forth by the first three articles in the U.S Constitution containing the legislative branch, the executive branch, and the judicial branch. Role of Law in Business and Society The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 is an example of a recent role of law for public companies performing business. The main purpose of this act is to prevent fraudulent business activity. Internal controls established so one employee, who receives a bill and enters the invoice, should not be the same employee creating the check, signing it and mailing it out. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act passed as a law due to the scandals at Enron and WorldCom. These companies both filed bankruptcy, as they revealed that their financial reports were fraudulent. The function of law in society is to protect the liberty of the people. In chapter 2, case 2.1 Cipollone v. Liggett Group Inc. Cipollone filed suit against Liggett  violation of New Jersey consumer protections statutes. Melvin (2011) stated, â€Å"Congress’s broadest power is derived from the Commerce Clause whereby Congress is given the power to â€Å"regulate Commerce amount the several states† (p. 33). â€Å"Article VI of the U.S. Constitution provides that the laws of United States shall be the supreme Law of Land. Thus [†¦] it has been settled that state law that conflicts with federal law is ‘without effect.’ [†¦]† (Melvin, 2011). In this case, the state law was preempted as it conflicted with the federal law, therefore, dismissed. Cipollone’s mother had used Liggett’s products and passed away. Liggett was protected under federal statutes with the general surgeon’s warnings on their product. Kelly and Associates Insurance Group Functions in Law Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) regulates health-care providers, plans, and program administrators in gathering, storing, and disclosing medical information about individuals this is a well-known privacy protection act passed by Congress. Kelly and Associates Insurance Group is a third party administrator to many health insurance companies like CareFirst (BlueCross BlueSheild), Untied Healthcare, and Aetna. We are required by HIPPA laws to safeguard materials that have protected health information (PHI) readily available. PHI is a person’s name, geographic information, date elements, phone numbers, social security numbers, license numbers, or any medical information. Kelly and Associates Insurance Group are compliant with the HIPPA laws by having internal auditors. Random audits take place during the day and after working hours. The audits are a group of people who inspect any papers left out, check accessibility of PHI. In the event, information has been breached an affidavit is completed and report it to our compliance team for their completion of the violation. Each case is reviewed and depending on the severity of the violation Kelly and Associates Insurance Group, could be penalized or sued. Kelly and Associates Insurance Group have a service bureau payroll division that is working on reporting Affordable Care Act (ACA) hours. And generating reports to ensure their clients are compliant with the ACA requirements. Same-sex domestic partnership has been another law passed by federal and only some states recognize same-sex domestic partnership. The partner’s cost of insurance is considered taxable  and should be included as imputed income to the states that do not recognize same-sex marriages. Tax compliance laws occur in the payroll division as each state and federal regulations vary from their deposits and filing per client. The filing frequency is determined by the amount of reported wages through payroll; however it is always determined by the taxing authority. This information must be provided to the payroll division by the client due to the liability the payroll department could face as each taxing agency charges penalties and interest for late filing or incorrect filing frequencies. Conclusion Law is practiced many times a day by businesses and society. Without laws, the world would have no guidelines to follow. There would be no right, or wrongdoing, and there would be no justice for the people of United States. We are the people, the land of the free; with laws as guidelines to make U.S. a safer place. Laws are being established to better the business transactions and improve society’s quality of life. References: Melvin, S. P. (2011). The Legal Environment of Business. A Manageriel Approach: Theory to Practice. McGraw-Hill Company.

Essay on Whartons Ethan Frome: Tale of the Living Dead :: Ethan Frome Essays

Tale of the Living Dead Ethan Frome, by Edith Warton is truly a tale of the â€Å"living dead†.   Don’t be confused by the way this term is used in movies, where the living dead are corpses that rise from the ground. In this case, the term â€Å"living dead† refers to a person who is physically alive but emotionally dead. In the novel, Ethan Frome all three main characters are emtionally dead.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The characters have been emotionally dead since the "smash-up" in which Ethan and Mattie had crashed their sled into a tree. This crash left them both injured severely. The Fromes were poor before, but after, with Ethan only able to do a little work, they were poorer than ever. Never a social man, Ethan cut off the few relationships that he had maintained so his old friends would not see his poverty. The townspeople speak of Ethan, Mattie, and Zeena in the past tense, just like they refer to dead people. When Mrs. Ned Hale talks about Ethan and Mattie she said, "Yes, I knew them both ... it was awful.." Ethan even talks about himself in the past tense. When asked if science interested him he replied, "It used to." Nothing is happening to Ethan in his present life so he could only refer back to his past one. When Mrs. Hale was asked if she went out to Ethan's house often, she replied, "I used to go a good dea l after the accident, when I was first married; but ..." This visitation is just like that to a graveyard. Right after a person dies his grave is visited often. After awhile relatives and friends get on with their own lives and make these trips rarely.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another reason why the three main characters are emotionally dead is they do not communicate with other people. Mrs. Ned Hale, when remarking on the fact that the narrator had stayed in Ethan's house said, "I don't believe but what you're the only stranger has set foot in that house for over twenty years." All living people communicate with others regularly. Not only did the main characters act like living dead, they looked liked living dead. Edith Wharton describes Zeena: "A slatternly calico wrapper hung from her shoulders and the wisps of her thin grey hair were drawn away from a high forehead and fastened in the back by a broken comb. Essay on Wharton's Ethan Frome: Tale of the Living Dead :: Ethan Frome Essays Tale of the Living Dead Ethan Frome, by Edith Warton is truly a tale of the â€Å"living dead†.   Don’t be confused by the way this term is used in movies, where the living dead are corpses that rise from the ground. In this case, the term â€Å"living dead† refers to a person who is physically alive but emotionally dead. In the novel, Ethan Frome all three main characters are emtionally dead.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The characters have been emotionally dead since the "smash-up" in which Ethan and Mattie had crashed their sled into a tree. This crash left them both injured severely. The Fromes were poor before, but after, with Ethan only able to do a little work, they were poorer than ever. Never a social man, Ethan cut off the few relationships that he had maintained so his old friends would not see his poverty. The townspeople speak of Ethan, Mattie, and Zeena in the past tense, just like they refer to dead people. When Mrs. Ned Hale talks about Ethan and Mattie she said, "Yes, I knew them both ... it was awful.." Ethan even talks about himself in the past tense. When asked if science interested him he replied, "It used to." Nothing is happening to Ethan in his present life so he could only refer back to his past one. When Mrs. Hale was asked if she went out to Ethan's house often, she replied, "I used to go a good dea l after the accident, when I was first married; but ..." This visitation is just like that to a graveyard. Right after a person dies his grave is visited often. After awhile relatives and friends get on with their own lives and make these trips rarely.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another reason why the three main characters are emotionally dead is they do not communicate with other people. Mrs. Ned Hale, when remarking on the fact that the narrator had stayed in Ethan's house said, "I don't believe but what you're the only stranger has set foot in that house for over twenty years." All living people communicate with others regularly. Not only did the main characters act like living dead, they looked liked living dead. Edith Wharton describes Zeena: "A slatternly calico wrapper hung from her shoulders and the wisps of her thin grey hair were drawn away from a high forehead and fastened in the back by a broken comb.

Nurse Anesthetist

Finnie 1 Kerra Finnie Mrs. Todt English III 2 March 2012 Nurse Anesthetist Since 2010 there has been a high demand for Nurse Anesthetist in the United States. A career with a high salary is appealing. With the challenges and hard work of a nurse anesthetist, one must understand the steps and dedication of a person of this type of medical role. To become a Nurse Anesthetist the general requirements are to have an RN license and a bachelor of science degree, either in nursing or an appropriate science.After getting an RN license, one year of work in critical care conditions has to be completed. When the year is over, an application is sent to a program, the application will then be compared to other applicants. More than one year working as an RN will higher the chance of the application to get in because experience in this field of nursing is important. When an applicant is accepted into a Nurse Anesthetist program they are required to attend an admissions interview.No foods or drinks should be brought to this interview, attendants will want to look formal and successful with their wardrobe. These schools are demanding and life changing. They also cause a ton of stress. Most programs last 24-33 months (Andrus 1a). In order to graduate a program a B grade point average must be maintained. After taking all steps a total of 6 years is the amount of time spent in college. You must be willing to dedicate a huge chunk of your life to your education – the information and data you learn will be Finnie 2 oliminous; the many hands-on skills require practice, practice, and tenacity (Freemark 2a). The extra time in college gives a greater knowledge of the anatomy. As a nurse anesthetist there are many choices in the medical field to choose from. Nurse Anesthetist do not possess complex technical capabilities of the doctors they assist, but they provide a wide range of services to support the doctors (McNutt 1). Interviews, reviewing charts, learning physical history, and doing preoperative teaching and developing a nesthesia plan with the anesthesiologist are all duties of a nurse anesthetist. Nurse Anesthetist administer 65% of the 26 million anesthetics given each year (Marquand 1a). The number one priority of a Nurse Anesthetist is the safety of a patient (Inglis 1a). To make a patient feel comfortable while in surgery the nurse anesthetist stays bedside while monitoring vital signs. The Nurse Anesthetist is also held to the responsibility of knowing anesthesia depth, blood loss, body temperature, and positioning.The proper amount of medicine must be given, if anything goes wrong it is a matter of life or death. A patients status can change at any time. In emergency situations there may be no way to get full information on the patient (Marquand 2). With the demand as high as it is for Nurse Anesthetist, it is the leading cause of the high paid salary. Directly after graduation, a nurse anesthetist can get a job with a starting salary averagi ng about $118,000.

The Khmer Empire Water Management System

The Angkor civilization, or Khmer Empire, was a complex state in southeast Asia between AD 800 and 1400. It was remarkable, among other things, because of its extensive water management system stretching across over 1200 square kilometers (460 square miles), which connected the natural lake Tonle Sap to large man-made reservoirs (called baray in Khmer) through a series of canals  and permanently altering the local hydrology. The network allowed Angkor to flourish for six centuries despite the difficulties of maintaining a state-level society in the face of successive dry and monsoon regions. Water Challenges and Benefits Sources of permanent water tapped by the Khmer canal system included lakes, rivers, groundwater, and rainwater. The monsoonal climate of southeast Asia divided the years (and still does) into wet (May-October) and dry (November-April) seasons. Rainfall varies in the region between 1180-1850 millimeters (46-73 inches) per year, mostly in the wet season. The impact of water management at Angkor changed natural catchment boundaries and eventually led to erosion and sedimentation of channels requiring considerable upkeep. Tonle Sap is among the most productive freshwater ecosystems in the world, made so by the regular flooding from the Mekong River. Groundwater in Angkor can today be accessed at ground level during the wet season and 5 meters (16 feet) below ground level during the dry  season. However, local groundwater access varies greatly across the region, with bedrock and soil characteristics at times resulting in a water table as much as 11-12 m (36-40 ft) below the ground surface. Water Systems Water systems were used by the Angkor civilization to cope with the vastly changing water quantities included raising their houses on mounds or stilts, building and excavating small ponds at the household level and larger ones (called trapeang) at the village level. Most trapeang were rectangular and generally aligned east/west: they were associated with and perhaps controlled by the temples. Most temples also had their own moats, which were square or rectangular and oriented in the four cardinal directions. At the city level, large reservoirs—called baray—and linear channels, roads, and embankments were used to manage water  and may have formed an intercommunication network as well. Four major baray are in Angkor today: Indratataka (Baray of Lolei), Yasodharatataka (East Baray), West Baray, and Jayatataka (North Baray). They were very shallow, between 1-2 m (3-7 ft) below ground level, and between 30-40 m (100-130 ft) wide. Baray were built by creating earthen embankments of between 1-2 meters above the ground level and fed by channels from natural rivers. The embankments were often used as roads. Archaeologically-based geographic studies of the current and past systems at Angkor suggests that Angkor engineers created a new permanent catchment area, making three catchment areas where there once was just two. The artificial channel eventually eroded downward and became a river, thereby altering the natural hydrology of the region. Sources Buckley BM, Anchukaitis KJ, Penny D, Fletcher R, Cook ER, Sano M, Nam LC, Wichienkeeo A, Minh TT, and Hong TM. 2010. Climate as a contributing factor in the demise of Angkor, Cambodia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107(15):6748-6752.Day MB, Hodell DA, Brenner M, Chapman HJ, Curtis JH, Kenney WF, Kolata AL, and Peterson LC. 2012. Paleoenvironmental history of the West Baray, Angkor (Cambodia). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 109(4):1046-1051. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1111282109Evans D, Pottier C, Fletcher R, Hensley S, Tapley I, Milne A, and Barbetti M. 2007. A new archaeological map of the world’s largest preindustrial settlement complex at Angkor, Cambodia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 104(36):14277-14282.Kummu M. 2009. Water management in Angkor: Human impacts on hydrology and sediment transportation. Journal of Environmental Management 90(3):1413-1421.Sanderson DCW, Bishop P, Stark M, Alexander S, and Penny D. 2007. Luminescence dating of canal sediments from Angkor Borei, Mekong Delta, Southern Cambodia. ​Quaternary Geochronology 2:322–329.